Understanding GLP-1 Medications

What Is GLP-1? GLP-1 stands for glucagon-like peptide-1, which is a naturally occurring hormone released in the gut after eating. GLP-1 is classified as an incretin hormone because it helps regulate blood sugar levels by stimulating insulin release when glucose levels rise. In addition to influencing insulin secretion, GLP-1 also slows gastric emptying and helps increase feelings of fullness and satiety. GLP-1 receptor agonist medications are designed to mimic the effects of the natural GLP-1 hormone. These medications were initially developed to improve blood glucose control in individuals with Type 2 diabetes. Researchers later discovered that many individuals also experienced meaningful weight loss due to reduced appetite and lower caloric intake. Common GLP-1 Medications • Semaglutide: Common brand names include Ozempic® and Wegovy®. • Tirzepatide: Common brand names include Mounjaro® and Zepbound®. • Liraglutide: Previously marketed as Saxenda® and Victoza®. • Dulaglutide: Marketed under the brand name Trulicity®. Why Fitness Professionals Should Understand GLP-1 Medications Although personal trainers do not prescribe or manage medications, understanding how GLP-1 medications may affect exercise performance and recovery can help trainers safely support clients. • Clients may experience reduced appetite and lower caloric intake. • Rapid weight loss may increase the risk of lean muscle mass loss. • Some clients report fatigue, nausea, or lower energy levels. • Hydration issues may occur due to gastrointestinal side effects. • Exercise programming may require temporary modifications. Common Side Effects • Nausea: Common during the early stages of medication use or dosage increases. • Vomiting: May contribute to dehydration and reduced exercise tolerance. • Constipation: Can occur due to slower digestion. • Fatigue: Some individuals report lower energy levels and slower recovery. • Reduced appetite: Can make adequate protein and calorie intake more difficult. • Dehydration: Reduced thirst and gastrointestinal symptoms may increase dehydration risk