Recombinant Human TGF-beta 1 Protein, Active

Product Overview Product Name Recombinant Human TGF-beta 1 Protein Target Symbol TGFB1 Alternative Names Transforming Growth Factor beta 1, TGFB, TGFB1, Prepro-Transforming Growth Factor Beta-1, Latency-Associated Peptide, LAP, CED, DPD1 Accession Number P01137 Expression System E. coli. Molecular Weight 12.9 kDa (monomer, predicted) Sequence Ala279-Ser390, with an N-terminal Met Purity Determined by SDS-PAGE and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue staining Activity Determined by in-house activity assay Formulation Lyophilized from sterile PBS with Trehalose, pH 7.4 Endotoxin Level Available Upon Request Shipping Shipped at ambient temperature. Stability & Storage 12 months from date of receipt at -20°C to -70°C, lyophilized powder. 3 months at -20°C to -70°C under sterile conditions after reconstitution. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Reconstitution Reconstitute at 100 ug/mL in sterile PBS. Target Function Transforming Growth Factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) is a multifunctional cytokine expressed in virtually all tissue types. Regulation of TGF-beta 1 expression occurs by the proteolytic processing of the preproprotein, where a latent complex consisting of a latency-associated peptide (LAP) homodimer, mature peptide homodimer and latent TGF-beta binding protein (LTBP) form and remain in the extracellular matrix. Interactions with the activation pathway release the mature TGF-beta 1 homodimer that is a ligand for a heterodimeric complex composed of TGF-beta RII and either TGF-beta RI or ALK-1. TGF-beta 1 was initially isolated from platelets where it plays a role in wound healing through proliferation of fibroblasts and activation of pathways for extracellular matrix synthesis of collagens and proteoglycans. TGF-beta 1 is involved in the regulation of the immune response through the induction of Th17 or Treg cells based on concentrations within the microenvironment. Tissue Specificity TGF-beta 1 expression is almost ubiquitous in all tissue types in concert with the wide-range of functions in wound healing, developmental cell patterning, regulation of epithelial and endothelial tissues, angiogenesis, bone remodeling, neuroprotection, and inflammatory regulation. Cellular Localization Secreted protein as both a latent protein complex in the extracellular matrix and activated mature protein. Involvement In Disease TGF-beta 1 plays an important role as a cancer tumor suppressor, however, dysregulation of TGF-beta 1 can promote tumor growth, metastasis and immune evasion that is associated with various cancers, including breast cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, and prostate cancer. Dysregulated TGF-β1 has been implicated in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, and inflammatory bowel diseases.