Rhaphiolepis indica – Indian Hawthorn

Rhaphiolepis indica is the true Indian Hawthorn species, the wild parent behind every named cultivar on the market. It is a hardy evergreen shrub with thick leathery leaves, a naturally open rounded habit and clusters of small white to blush-pink flowers through spring, followed by dark blue-black berries. The species grows larger and looser than the compact selections. Expect 1.5 to 2.5 metres tall and wide, against roughly 1 metre for cultivars such as 'Snow Maiden' or 'Rajah'. That extra size makes it the right choice where you need a screening hedge with real height rather than a low border, and it takes hard clipping far better than the dwarf forms. It is one of the toughest shrubs available for coastal and exposed sites. Salt spray, sandy soil, heat, poor ground and light to moderate frost are all handled without fuss once established, which is why the species turns up in council and roadside plantings across Australia where irrigation is not an option. Full sun gives the densest growth and heaviest flowering. It will grow in part shade with a more open habit and lighter flowering. Frequently Asked Questions About Rhaphiolepis indica What is Rhaphiolepis indica?Rhaphiolepis indica is the botanical species commonly known as Indian Hawthorn. It is an evergreen shrub in the rose family with glossy leathery foliage, clusters of white to blush-pink spring flowers and dark blue-black berries. Every named Indian Hawthorn cultivar sold in Australia is a selection from this species. How is the species different to 'Snow Maiden', 'Oriental Pearl' or 'Rajah'?Size and habit are the main differences. The named cultivars have been selected for compactness and sit around 1 to 1.5 metres, with a tight rounded dome. The straight species grows to 1.5 to 2.5 metres with a more open, informal habit, so it works as a proper screening hedge rather than a low border. Species flowers are typically white to pale blush, where cultivars have been selected for stronger pink or pure white displays. How big does it grow?Around 1.5 to 2.5 metres tall and wide at maturity, depending on position and how often it is clipped. Growth is moderate at 20 to 30 centimetres a year. Kept trimmed it holds easily at 1.2 to 1.5 metres as a hedge. When does it flower?Through spring, typically September to November in most Australian gardens. Flowers are small and carried in clusters, white to blush-pink, and are well worked by bees. Dark blue-black berries follow and are taken by birds. Is it suitable for coastal gardens?Yes, it is one of the better shrubs for exposed coastal sites. It handles salt-laden wind and sandy free-draining soils, which reflects its natural habitat on coastal slopes in southern China and Japan. Front-line beach positions still benefit from some shelter while plants establish. How far apart should I plant it for a hedge?Around 80 centimetres to 1 metre apart for a screening hedge. For a faster join, plant at 70 centimetres. As a specimen or in mass planting, allow 1 to 1.5 metres so each plant keeps its natural form. Is it drought tolerant?Yes, once established. Water regularly through the first summer to build the root system, after which it copes with extended dry periods on minimal watering. The species is used widely in unirrigated commercial and roadside plantings for exactly this reason. How do I care for it?Water through the first summer, then only in extended dry spells. Feed with a slow-release fertiliser in early spring. Trim after flowering to shape or to hold hedge height. The species takes harder pruning than the dwarf cultivars and will reshoot from older wood. Space plants for air movement to reduce leaf spot in humid conditions.