In-situ XRD Battery Test Cell Model: XRD-3E

XRD-3E In-Situ XRD Battery Test Cell A three-electrode battery test cell for operando XRD monitoring with independent reference-potential measurement. Product Overview The XRD-3E is a three-electrode in-situ XRD battery test cell upgraded from the XRD-2E platform. It enables operando structural analysis during charge/discharge cycling while an independent lithium reference electrode monitors electrode potential. A low-background beryllium window provides direct X-ray access to the electrode stack, while the high-purity titanium body, PEEK insulation, and gold-plated copper tabs support stable, repeatable electrochemical testing. Key Features • Independent Reference-Electrode Monitoring Uses a lithium reference electrode for independent working-electrode potential monitoring during cycling • Bruker D8-Compatible XRD Measurement Designed for use with Bruker D8 X-ray diffractometer systems for operando XRD monitoring during battery cycling • Low-Angle XRD Accessibility Supports XRD measurements from a minimum operating angle of 3°, enabling broader low-angle access for operando configurations Technical Specifications Parameter Specification Minimum operating angle 3° Effective optical window diameter Ø20 mm Applicable sample diameter Ø20 mm Optical window material Beryllium (Be) Electrode system Three-electroder Cell body material Ti Insulation material PEEK Current collector tab Gold-plated copper Reference electrode Lithium wire Cell body dimensions Ø49.5 mm × H23 mm Note: Solid beryllium is relatively stable and poses low skin-contact risk; avoid inhaling dust or aerosols and wash hands after handling. Instrument Compatibility • XRD System Compatibility Compatible with Bruker D8 systems and other X-ray diffractometers with suitable mounting and scan geometries. The sample holder, incident-angle range, beam path, and instrument clearance should be verified before testing • Electrochemical Testing Compatibility Compatible with commercial electrochemical workstations and battery testing systems that support three-electrode charge/discharge testing Operando XRD Literature Example Operando XRD Tracking of Graphite Lithiation Olgo et al. studied a three-electrode graphite||NMC622 prismatic Li-ion cell using spatially resolved operando synchrotron XRD. The measurements tracked graphite staging transitions from graphite to LiC₁₂ and LiC₆. Compared with relatively uniform lithiation at C/5, 2C charging caused delayed phase evolution and greater local heterogeneity. The stable LFP reference electrode enabled independent monitoring of graphite and NMC622 potentials while causing minimal disturbance to local lithiation behavior. Demonstrated Operando XRD Capabilities Independent monitoring of electrode potentials Operando tracking of graphite → LiC₁₂ → LiC₆ transitions Detection of rate-dependent lithiation heterogeneity Application Studies Application studies using this model are currently underway.