Крайняя необходимость: институт деликтного права или пример частноправовой экспроприации? Часть I: От римского права к современным правопорядкам

https://doi.org/10.24031/1992-2043-2026-26-3-144-181 The article examines the institution of damage caused in a state of necessity in civil law. At present, the legal nature of this institution, the criteria for establishing a state of necessity, the relevance of the tortfeasor’s fault, and the grounds for allocating the duty to compensate between the tortfeasor and the person in whose interest he acted remain controversial. The first part of the study analyzes the origins of this institution in Roman law, as well as the main models of its regulation in foreign legal systems. On the basis of historical and comparative legal analysis, the article formulates the premises for further research into the institution of necessity. Keywords: extreme necessity; tort law; harm caused by lawful actions; Roman law.