Native wetland shrub, typically 5–15 ft. tall, with silver-gray spring catkins that provide very early pollen and nectar before most herbaceous plants bloom. Best in full sun to part shade and average to wet soils. Host plant for Viceroy and other willow-feeding butterflies; male plants are specifically included on Dr. Robert Gegear’s list as spring pollen resources for at-risk New England pollinators. Spreading roots help stabilize moist soils, but avoid planting near drains, septic systems, or small formal beds.