Normothermic Regional Perfusion (NRP) in DCD Recovery - Study Guide (2026 Edition)
This CPTC study guide is designed to help you master one of the fastest-evolving areas of DCD organ recovery: Normothermic Regional Perfusion (NRP). In the world of the CPTC exam, NRP is not simply a new recovery technology—it is a complex coordination process involving warm ischemic time, death declaration, cerebral isolation, organ assessment, OR logistics, allocation, and ethical safeguards. CPTC Smart Study Guide: Normothermic Regional Perfusion (NRP) in DCD Recovery NRP is not specifically named in the published CPTC exam outline, but it falls directly within Section 4: Allocation and Recovery, where candidates are expected to understand DCD recovery, preservation strategies, OR coordination, organ assessment, and warm-ischemia considerations. This guide gives you the clinical, operational, ethical, and regulatory knowledge needed to understand how NRP fits into modern organ procurement practice. Why This Guide is Different The CPTC exam does not reward memorizing technology names without understanding the process. It tests whether you can protect the donor, preserve ethical boundaries, coordinate multiple teams, document critical events, and recognize when a recovery plan must be paused. 2026 Safety Ready: Covers current HRSA and AOPO safety guidance, including independent death declaration, the commonly used five-minute observation period, cerebral-isolation safeguards, and documentation of cephalad vessel transection and venting. Clinical Sophistication: Understand how NRP restores warm, oxygenated circulation to selected organs after death while preventing cerebral reperfusion. Learn the differences between abdominal NRP, thoracoabdominal NRP, standard super-rapid recovery, and ex vivo machine perfusion. The “Exam Lens”: We do not just explain the procedure. We provide exam-focused insights that help you identify unsafe answers and common traps, such as beginning perfusion before cerebral isolation is verified, allowing OPO staff to participate in death declaration, or assuming premortem interventions are automatically permitted. What’s Inside A-NRP vs. TA-NRP: Clearly distinguish abdominal NRP from thoracoabdominal NRP and identify which organs may be evaluated and recovered with each approach. The NRP Order of Operations: Follow the complete sequence from independent withdrawal-of-life-support decisions and authorization through death declaration, the waiting period, cerebral isolation, NRP initiation, organ assessment, cold flush, recovery, packaging, and case review. Cerebral Isolation & Ethical Safeguards: Learn why preventing brain reperfusion is the central safety issue in NRP and why current best practice emphasizes vascular occlusion combined with transection and venting—not clamping alone. Warm Ischemic Time: Understand the commonly used adult “80/80” threshold—systolic blood pressure below 80 mmHg or oxygen saturation below 80%—and how agonal time, circulatory arrest, death declaration, and NRP initiation are documented. NRP Physiology & Perfusion Targets: Review temperature, flow, MAP, pH, hematocrit, venous oxygen saturation, serial blood gases, lactate trends, and organ-specific viability assessment. Coordinator Responsibilities: Learn what the Organ Procurement Coordinator must confirm and document before WLST, during death declaration, at NRP initiation, throughout organ assessment, and during recovery and transport. Organ-Specific Evidence: Understand why the strongest evidence supports liver transplantation, why kidney outcomes are favorable, how TA-NRP is expanding DCD heart recovery, and why lung and pancreas evidence remains more limited. NRP vs. Ex Vivo Machine Perfusion: Learn why these technologies are complementary rather than interchangeable. NRP supports multiple organs inside the donor before recovery, while ex vivo perfusion evaluates and preserves an individual organ after removal. Includes: 10 NRP CPTC Practice Questions/Rationales Do not just memorize the equipment—apply the process. This download includes 10 scenario-based, multiple-choice questions modeled after the clinical judgment required on the CPTC exam. Each question includes a detailed rationale and identifies the related Section 4 concept, including: NRP modality selection DCD role separation Cerebral-isolation safeguards Warm-ischemia thresholds Premortem interventions and consent Signs of possible brain reperfusion Documentation requirements OPO implementation and quality assurance Exam Tip When an NRP question involves safety, the best answer is usually the one that maintains separation between end-of-life care and donation, confirms independent death declaration, completes the required waiting period, verifies cerebral isolation before perfusion, and follows the donor hospital’s approved policy.