An Egyptian Steatite Scarab set as a pendant, 2nd Intermediate Period, ca. 1730 BCE

Among the most enduring symbols of ancient Egypt, the scarab beetle represented regeneration, protection, and the eternal cycle of renewal. Associated with Khepri, the manifestation of the rising sun, scarabs were believed to possess protective powers and were worn throughout life as personal amulets. This finely carved steatite scarab dates to the Second Intermediate Period, a time of political fragmentation and cultural exchange in Egypt. The underside is engraved with a decorative design centered on the hieroglyphic sign nefer ("beautiful," "good," or "perfect"), one of the most recognizable symbols in the Egyptian language. The nefer sign conveyed concepts of beauty, goodness, and harmony, making it an especially appropriate motif for a protective amulet. Surrounding scrollwork enhances the composition while reflecting decorative conventions produced during this period. Scarabs served both practical and symbolic purposes. In addition to functioning as personal seals, they were valued as talismans believed to confer protection, prosperity, and renewal upon their owners. Their compact size allowed them to be worn daily, often suspended from necklaces or mounted in rings. Medium: Steatite, Gold Dimensions: Pendant height: 3/4 inch (1.9 cm.) Strung as a necklace with a modern 24 inch yellow gold chain of 14K gold. Condition: The scarab is intact and in very good condition overall. It has been modern set in 14K gold has been added so it can again be worn. Provenance: Nora Scott (July 14, 1905 – April 4, 1994), Curator of Egyptian Art at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, (retired 1972), and acquired from the Metropolitan Museum of Art by deaccession. Gifted to L. Virginia Burton (1918–2009) Associate Curator of Egyptian Art at the Metropolitan Museum of Art (retired 1977), and then by descent.